I'm an observational astronomer who focuses on the Milky Way and nearby galaxies. My research interests are pretty broad, covering everything from exoplanets to dark matter. One of my consistent areas of emphasis has been the dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way, which are the oldest, least chemically evolved, and most dark matter-dominated stellar systems currently known. Current projects include:

Characterizing the satellite population of the Milky Way


Over the past 20 years, more than 50 new Milky Way satellite galaxies and candidates have been discovered. Along with many collaborators, I aim to measure the masses, chemical composition, ages, and orbits of these objects so that we can use them to learn about dark matter and galaxy formation.

Recent papers include:
Chemical Diversity on Small Scales: Abundance Analysis of the Tucana V Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxy
Timing the r-process Enrichment of the Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum II
Pegasus IV: Discovery and Spectroscopic Confirmation of an Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy in the Constellation Pegasus
A Statistical Detection of Wide Binary Systems in the Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum II
Illuminating the darkest galaxies
Eridanus II: A Fossil from Reionization with an Off-center Star Cluster
Birds of a Feather? Magellan/IMACS Spectroscopy of the Ultra-faint Satellites Grus II, Tucana IV, and Tucana V
The Faintest Dwarf Galaxies

Constraining the faint end of the mass-metallicity relation


Galaxies follow a relatively tight correlation between their stellar mass (or luminosity) and metallicity, as shown most clearly by Christy Tremonti, Evan Kirby, and others. For the very tiniest galaxies with masses below a few thousand solar masses, this correlation appears to break down. My collaborators and I are obtaining improved metallicity measurements in this regime to better understand this behavior.

Determining the nature of the ultra-faint star clusters


Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies have been extensively studied since 2005. The more compact stellar systems with similar luminosities but smaller radii, called ultra-faint star clusters or ultra-faint compact systems, have been largely ignored (which is at least partially my fault!). There is now evidence emerging that some of these objects could in fact be dark matter-dominated dwarf galaxies, but better observations are needed to confirm this possibility.

Recent papers include:
Eridanus III and DELVE 1: Carbon-rich Primordial Star Clusters or the Smallest Dwarf Galaxies?
A Chemodynamical Census of the Milky Way's Ultra-Faint Compact Satellites. I. A First Population-Level Look at the Internal Kinematics and Metallicities of 19 Extremely-Low-Mass Halo Stellar Systems

Searching for black holes in the Milky Way


The exquisite astrometry and spectroscopy from the Gaia satellite make it possible to find black holes in wide binary systems where the companion is an ordinary star. These systems can provide some of the first insight into the Milky Way's black hole population beyond the few dozen X-ray binary systems in which black holes are actively accreting matter from their companion stars. My collaborators and I are using Gaia DR3 data to investigate and confirm black hole candidates.

Recent papers include:
A search for black holes with metal-poor stellar companions: I. Survey sample selection and single epoch radial velocity follow-up
A Fast, Analytic Empirical Model of the Gaia Data Release 3 Astrometric Orbit Catalog Selection Function
A 1.9 solar-mass neutron star candidate in a 2-year orbit
A Noninteracting Galactic Black Hole Candidate in a Binary System with a Main-sequence Star

Searching for exoplanets orbiting metal-poor stars


The host stars for most known exoplanets are metal-rich and relatively young, both because those stars have higher planet occurrence rates and because searches have consequently tended to focus where they are most likely to produce positive results. Metal-poor stars are intriguing as planet hosts for several reasons: they can provide insight into planet formation models, they can allow studies of how planet properties change as a function of the available chemical elements, and their planets are the oldest in the Galaxy. My collaborators and I are trying to significantly expand the sample of exoplanets in the metal-poor regime.

Papers coming soon!

Electromagnetic follow-up of gravitational wave sources


I was at Las Campanas Observatory observing with the Magellan-Clay Telescope on August 17, 2017. I was therefore able to obtain the first spectrum of the neutron star merger event GW170817/AT2017gfo (as well as the earliest blue photometry of the source). Based on that experience, and combined with my interest in r-process nucleosynthesis from the metal-poor star perspective, I have continued to be involved in Carnegie's gravitational wave followup efforts for additional binary neutron star candidates (e.g., S240422ed, S250206dm).

Papers include:
Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the optical counterpart to a gravitational wave source
Light curves of the neutron star merger GW170817/SSS17a: Implications for r-process nucleosynthesis
Early spectra of the gravitational wave source GW170817: Evolution of a neutron star merger
The Old Host-galaxy Environment of SSS17a, the First Electromagnetic Counterpart to a Gravitational-wave Source



PhD Thesis


Dark Matter in Dwarf Galaxies: Observational Tests of the Cold Dark Matter Paradigm on Small Scales

A complete list of my publications on NASA ADS can be found here.

Undergraduate Honors Thesis


Probing Bulk Flows With Spiral Galaxy Rotation Curves and the Tully-Fisher Relation
I worked for Jeff Willick on a project called Shellflow, in which we were trying to determine whether the mass causing the Local Group to move with respect to the rest frame of the universe is within about 85 megaparsecs of us or not. If you have a Postscript viewer, you can take a look (be warned: it's a big file).





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